The study of criminology Essay Example for Free

The study of criminology Essay Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminals, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. In the United States, it is taught chiefly in departments of criminology and criminal justice of colleges and universities. Criminologists study factors related to crime. Research in criminology involves fields such as sociology, psychology, and psychiatry. Law enforcement greatly depends on criminology. Often, the best method of treating offenders and ways to prevent crime are determined by criminologists. There are different things to study in criminology. Most criminological research examines environmental conditions. Others concentrate on the connection between crime and biological factors such as brain structure and chemical imbalances. And others emphasize peoples emotions and motives. Some study the ways which individuals learn criminal behavior through association with people. Criminologists also study penology, which is the science of punishment and treatment of offenders. They try to make punishment more certain than ever, bringing people to trial quickly, imposing fair sentences, and providing adequate prisons. Criminologists use a wide variety of research techniques. Statistics are often used to study the crime rate and the characteristics of criminals. Criminologists find relationships between crime rates and certain physical or social conditions. For example, such studies may show that the crime rate increases when poverty and unemployment rise. Criminologists generally use statistics compiled by government agencies. Criminology is extremely important in determine numerous factors in trials. It played many important roles in the recent OJ Simpson murder trial. Criminologists also use statistics to learn about personality traits or social conditions that are more common among criminals than other people. Researchers usually compare a group of criminals with a group of non-criminals who are similar to the lawbreakers in most ways. Differences  between the two groups can be measured in this manner. Any personality trait or social condition that occurs more frequently among criminals maybe one of many causes of criminal behavior. Case studies is another technique criminologists use. In a case study, a criminologist examines all the personality traits and social conditions that affect one criminal. The researcher studies the persons family history, environment, physical condition, psychological state, and many other characteristics. All these details help determine how certain conditions produce criminal behavior in an individual. Some case studies are conducted on certain groups of criminals, such as rapists or juvenile gangs. A criminologist may use the results of a case history to work out a theory about the development of criminal behavior. Most criminologists have university training in criminal justice, sociology, psychology, psychiatry. or related areas. Requirements vary for a career, but most criminologists have a masters or doctors degree. Many of these experts conduct research and reach criminology at universities and colleges. Many social workers are employed in the general area of criminology. Parole and probation officers must have a knowledge of criminology. Personnel trained in criminology also work in crime prevention programs and in the treatment of offenders. Lawyers, judges, and prison superintendents also should have some knowledge of criminology. In the United States, the major professional organization for criminologists is the American Society of Criminology, which was founded in 1941.

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What Is a â€Å"Real† Woman? Criticism of Existing Body Positive Advertising Thinner and thinner models are being used in combination with Photoshop, creating an impossible beauty ideal that is affecting the physical and emotional health of women in our society. The typical fashion model presented in advertisements has protruding hip bones and an androgynous body shape due to dangerously low body fat. They are slimmed and smoothed further in images by the use of Photoshop. The documentary MissRepresentation points out, â€Å"you never see a photograph in the media of a woman considered beautiful that hasn’t been digitally altered to make her absolutely inhumanely perfect†. Since the 1980’s, the quest to be thin has shifted from eliminating excess weight to eliminating bulges, or flesh that wiggles (â€Å"Slender Body† 191). It is no longer enough to be thin. The ideal body is also toned, bolted down, and maintains â€Å"firm bodily margins† (â€Å"Slender Body† 191). This nearly impossible beauty standard is reflected and enforced by advertisements showing emaciated models selling products to smooth out bumps, reduce wrinkles, or tone the body. The media’s depiction of female bodies has a detrimental influence on women’s perception of themselves and has come under fire in recent years. Girls growing up in our media soaked culture internalize society’s ever-thinning standard of beauty, believing that they can never be slender enough. The negative effect of the media has been linked to the spread of eating disorders (â€Å"Never Just Pictures†, Thompson). This has led to a public outcry against impossibly thin, airbrushed models and a demand for more honest advertising. The movement toward â€Å"body positive† advertising is a response to the damaging eff... ...ove, it still rejects older and disabled women as beautiful. It also renders women with imperfect skin or tattoos as unacceptable. Although Skinnygirl claims to show the average woman in their advertisement, they still only represent a limited demographic. Although presented as body positive, Dove, M&S and Skinnygirl’s advertising campaigns using â€Å"real women† still subscribe to existing beauty standards to maintain firm body margins and reject certain body types as beautiful. Even if well intentioned, advertising for beauty products is inherently not a good place to start the body positive movement because it relies on the consumer feeling like they need to improve themselves to buy the product. Instead of focusing on how to make â€Å"ordinary† women feel beautiful, the focus should shift away from the body. Women should not feel as if their beauty is their self worth.

Men Are More Likely to Commit Crime Than Women

Criminal commitment is one of serious problem in society. There is a question that crime is committed by more men or women. Some people think that women are considered as higher rate in criminals than men. In contrast, others, including me, are in favor of contrary opinion. The first reason is that men are usually quick-tempered. When, problems happen, instead of discuss gently to find out measures, men frequently talk loudly and beat others. For example, if an accident occurs, men are often furious. They also use rough word to talk. Thus, they possibly hit each other easily.Male self-esteem is quite high, too. Men, due to a little lack of respect from other people, will be angry easily. Additionally, men always want to be respected and admired by other people. They are proud of themselves and want that others also appreciate them. They find many ways to prove themselves. They do special or strange things to attract attention. They let others know that they have ability, power and st rength. Many hackers just hack website because of simple reasons, such as demand in showing competence Finally, men are the backbones of families. They have to shoulder great responsibility.One of them is finance. Men are more likely need to find jobs which can help their families pay living expenses. However it is not easy. Consequently, they may earn money by illegal ways, such as: fraud, robbery, smuggling†¦ In some case, men commit crimes accidently. When their family is damaged by others, they are forced to fight in order to protect their family. There are quitter a lot of case that as a consequence of self-defense, men commit manslaughter. Concluded, men are easier becomes criminals than women because of their personality and responsibility.

The Labor Movement - 1223 Words

The Labor Movement The Labor Movement’s number one concern is to address problems associated with social inequality. The labor movement was created in order to fight for the rights of labor workers. The goal was to have better wages, safe working conditions, and reasonable working hours. Unions were formed in order to achieve this. However, this was always enough. Workers reached a point where they came together and participated in strikes which the main goal was to have their employers listen to them and come to an agreement. The film, The Salt of Earth is great example of this movement. The main character, Esperanza Quintero a pregnant wife of a miner, wishes her unborn child would not be born into the world she is living in. She is aware of the oppression the miners face due to the color of their skin. They didn’t have the same rights as the white miners and are threated to be fired if they don’t do as they’re told. Their working conditions were inhumane and therefore, Ramon Quintero, Esperanza’s husband, decided to lead a strike against their employer. Although they were already part of a union, their union was not enough to get them what they needed and wanted. However, in a turn of events, Esperanza began to stand up for the rights of the Mexican women. She began to strike with a group of other women and in the end, after many struggles, came to an agreement with the employers. Through this film, the idea of the effort of the collective versus individual effort isShow More RelatedOrganized Labor Movement1048 Words   |  5 PagesDBQ: Organized Labor Movement By 1900, the United States had become the number one industrial power in the world. One factor that allowed the country to climb to its prime position was its abundant labor supply, largely composed of immigrants who had arrived between 1865 and 1900. 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